Internal versus external surface active sites in ZSM-5 zeolite: Part 2: Toluene alkylation with methanol and 2-propanol catalyzed by modified and unmodified H3PO4/ZSM-5 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany;2. Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;1. Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China;2. University Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Refinery & Synthesis, Yunnan Province, College of Materials Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China;1. Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, 4714871167, Babol, Iran;2. Catalysis Research Group, Petrochemical Research & Technology Company, National Iranian Petrochemical Company, P.O. Box: 1493, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Vapor-phase methylation of toluene with methanol and isopropylation of toluene with 2-propanol has been investigated in a down flow reactor under atmospheric conditions using N2 gas carrier over a series of surface modified and unmodified ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 60–170) loaded with H3PO4, differing in the external surface treatment of the zeolites. The feed molar ratios of toluene/methanol and toluene/2-propanol were varied over a wide range (8–0.125), and the optimum feed ratio of toluene/alcohol was less than 0.5 in both cases. Space velocity employed in toluene methylation reported as WHSV (toluene) = 1.2 h−1, and the space velocity employed in toluene isopropylation reported as WHSV (toluene) = 0.8 h−1. The methylation reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 623–773 K, and the isopropylation reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 483–583 K. Atmospheric pressures was maintained in all runs. Catalysts containing 0–4.9 wt.% P were prepared using modified and unmodified ZSM-5 zeolites, and their catalytic performance for vapor-phase alkylation of toluene with methanol and 2-propanol were investigated. The optimum phosphorous content for methylation was 2.1 wt.% P which was greater than the optimum phosphorous loading for isopropylation (0.7 wt.% P). |
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