不同采摘时期合苞橐吾功效成分含量变化及其水煮液对胃黏膜的保护作用

以长白山野生合苞橐吾作为原料，探讨不同采摘时期合苞橐吾中黄酮类、皂苷类、多糖类物质含量的变化规律，进而研究不同采摘时期合苞橐吾对胃黏膜保护作用的差异，旨在寻找出胃黏膜保护效果最好的合苞橐吾生长时期。分别采用超声波辅助提取法、乙醇浸提法、热水浸提法对合苞橐吾中的总黄酮、总皂苷和总多糖进行提取，并测定3 种物质的含量；然后将各个时期得到的合苞橐吾水煮液对小鼠进行胃黏膜保护实验。结果表明：6月采摘的合苞橐吾有良好的胃黏膜保护效果。其中，6月下旬采摘的合苞橐吾对小鼠胃黏膜的保护效果最好，对乙醇所致小鼠胃黏膜损伤抑制率达到48.07%，使小鼠胃黏膜中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（glutathione，GSH）含量显著增加，丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量明显降低。而该时期采摘的合苞橐吾中黄酮类物质、皂苷类物质、多糖类物质含量相对都较高，分别为25.5、15.0、198.1 mg/g。

Variation in Contents of Bioactive Components in Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino Harvested at Different Times and Protective Effect of Its Decoction on Gastric Mucosa

Wild Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino in Changbai Mountain was studied for changes in the contents of total
flavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides and further investigated for its protective effects on gastric mucosa at different
harvest periods. The purpose was to find the optimal growth period of Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino for the best
protective effect on gastric mucosa. After ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids, alcohol extraction of saponins
and hot water extraction of polysaccharides in Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino individually, the contents of these three
substances were determined. Then Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino decoction from different harvest times was used
to examine its protective effect on the gastric mucosa of mice. Results showed that Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino
harvested in June had good effect on protecting gastric mucosa, especially in late June, by which the percentage inhibition of
alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice was 48.07%, resulting in a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD)
activity and glutathione (GSH) content as well as a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in mouse gastric
mucosa. The contents of total flavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides in Ligularia schmidtii (Maxim.) Makino at this stage
were at higher levels of 25.5, 15.0 and 198.1 mg/g, respectively.