DNA microarray analysis suggests that zinc pyrithione causes iron starvation to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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| Authors: | Daisuke Yasokawa Satomi Murata Yumiko Iwahashi Emiko Kitagawa Katsuyuki Kishi Yukihiro Okumura Hitoshi Iwahashi |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Hokkaido Food Processing Research Center, Department of Food Biotechnology, 589-4 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 0690836, Japan;2 Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-Nishi 3A, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan;3 National Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Food Research Institute National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan;4 Japan Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Inc., Tokodai 5-13-11, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3002635, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Zinc pyrithione has been used in anti-dandruff shampoos and in anti-fouling paint on ships. However, little is known of its mode of action. We characterized the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of zinc pyrithione (Zpt) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae using DNA microarrays. The majority of the strongly upregulated genes are related to iron transport, and many of the strongly downregulated genes are related to the biosynthesis of cytochrome (heme). These data suggest that Zpt induces severe iron starvation. To confirm the DNA microarray data, we supplemented cultures containing Zpt with iron, and the growth of the yeast was restored significantly. From these results, we propose that the principal toxicity of zinc pyrithione arises from iron starvation. |
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| Keywords: | Zinc pyrithione DNA microarray Saccharomyces cerevisiae Iron Toxicity Cytochrome |
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