硫化矿尾矿资源化利用研究现状及展望

硫化矿尾矿储量增长过快,且利用率低,造成了其堆存严重、占地面积大等问题,给社会和环境带来了极大危害,因此硫化矿尾矿的资源化利用愈发受到重视。通过综合论述硫化矿尾矿的现状和危害,阐明了硫化矿尾矿多途径利用的必要性,并根据其组分和性质特点,从作为建材原料、化工产品、尾矿再选和尾矿充填四个方面论述了硫化矿尾矿的资源化利用途径。其中,硫化矿尾矿作为建材原料可以用来生产水泥、混凝土制品、建筑用砖、微晶玻璃和陶瓷;生产的化工产品包括硫磺、工业硫酸、冶金熔剂、耐火材料和金属镁等;尾矿再选可以通过传统选矿(重、磁、浮)和生物浸出的方法来实现,缓解了矿产资源短缺的现状;尾矿充填有效避免了采空区渗漏、塌陷等安全事故。对硫化矿尾矿的资源化利用进行总结梳理,可为其后续研究提供一定参考。

Research status and prospect of resource utilization of sulfide tailings

Due to the rapid growth of sulfide ore tailings reserves and low utilization rate, problems such as serious stockpile and large occupation area are caused, which have brought great harm to the society and the environment, so the resource utilization of sulfide ore tailings has been paid more and more attention. By comprehensively discussing the status quo and hazards of sulfide tailings, the necessity of multi-channel utilization of sulfide tailings is explained. According to its different components and properties, it discusses the resource utilization of sulfide tailings from four aspects: building materials, chemical products, tailings re-selection and tailings filling. Among them, sulfide tailings can be used as raw materials for building materials to produce cement, concrete products, building bricks, microcrystalline-glass and ceramics. The chemical products include sulfur, industrial sulfuric acid, metallurgical flux, refractory materials and metallic magnesium, etc. Tailings re-selection can be achieved through traditional beneficiation(Gravity, magnetic separation, flotation) and biological leaching methods, alleviating the current shortage of mineral resources. Tailings filling effectively avoids safety accidents such as leakage and collapse in the goaf. Summarizing and combing the resource utilization of sulfide tailings provides a certain reference for its follow-up research.