淡水鱼皮胶原蛋白提取工艺研究(Ⅰ)

研究了罗非鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼和鲫鱼4种淡水鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺。结果表明,鱼皮用乙醚2次除脂效果显著,除脂率依次为92.4%、95.1%、66.8%和76.7%,除脂后胶原蛋白的提取率和得率都略有增加。除非胶原蛋白的工艺为:先用NaOH浸泡6h,再用NaCl浸泡6h,4种鱼皮胶原蛋白对应的提取率分别为34.4%、28.7%、31.5%和42.5%,得率依次为8.4%、8.0%、8.2%和6.1%,比其他处理相应高出0.4-2.3倍、0.04-1.6倍、0.1-0.9倍和0.07-0.5倍。乙酸的提取效果优于柠檬酸,对应提取率分别为34.8%、23.6%、33.6%、43.0%,得率依次为8.5%、6.6%、8.63%、6.19%,比柠檬酸相应高2.4-4.3倍、1.7-4.0倍。温度对罗非鱼、鳙鱼和草鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白提取影响较大,最佳提取温度都为20℃,其对应提取率依次为34.05%、27.05%、33.38%,得率分别为8.32%、7.54%、8.58%;温度对鲫鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取影响较小,在520℃范围内提取率和得率分别约为42%和6%左右。

Study on the Extraction Technology of Collagen from Freshwater Fish Skins (Ⅰ)

In this paper we studied the extraction technology of collagen from freshwater fish skins including tilapia,bighead carp,grass carp and crucian.The results showed that when ether was used to treat these fish skins twice,the de-fat rations being 92.4%,95.1%,66.8% and 76.7% respectively.Also,the extraction ratio and yield of collagen could be increased to some extent after defat treatment.The optimal technology of separating non-collagenous proteins from collagen was as follows: fish skins were soaked by NaOH for 6 hours followed by soaking with NaCl for 6 hours.Accordingly,the extraction ratios of collagen were 34.4%,28.7%,31.5% and 42.5% respectively,while the yields were 8.4%,8.0%,8.2% and 6.1% respectively,which were 0.4～2.3,0.04～1.6,0.1～0.9 and 0.07～0.5 times higher than those of collagen treated with other methods.The extraction effect of acetic acid on collagen was better than that of critic acid with the extraction ratios being 34.8%,23.6%,33.6% and 43.0% and with the yields being 8.5%,6.6%,8.63% and 6.19% respectively,which was 2.4～4.3 and 1.7～4.0 times higher than those of extracting with critic acid.The temperature affects the extraction of collagen from tilapia,bighead carp and grass carp skins with the optimal temperature being 20℃.Under this temperature,the extraction ratios of collagen were 34.05%,27.05% and 33.38% with the yields being 8.32%,7.54% and 8.58% respectively.On the other hand,temperature had little effects on the extraction of collagen from crucian skin with the extraction ratio and yield of collagen being 42% and 6% or so respectively within the temperature range from of 5 to 20℃.