塔里木盆地油气勘探开发进展与“西气东输”资源保障

塔里木盆地油气资源丰富， 截至2007年底，中国石油塔里木油田公司在该盆地已累计探明油气田26个，探明石油地质储量约6×10⁸ t、天然气地质储量近1×10¹² m³，建成了年产原油逾600×10⁴ t、天然气150×10⁸ m³、油气当量接近2 000×10⁴ t的生产基地，促成并启动了“西气东输”工程。从天然气资源平面分布看，塔里木盆地具有全盆含气但相对集中的特征，天然气资源主要集中在库车坳陷、中央隆起、塔西南坳陷，上述3个地区的天然气资源量为5×10¹²～6×10¹² m³，是下一步天然气勘探的重点地区；而从天然气资源纵向分布看，该盆地78%的天然气资源量富集在中新生代地层中，台盆区天然气资源主要富集在下古生界寒武系-奥陶系和上古生界石炭系中，前陆区天然气资源主要富集在白垩系、古近系、新近系中。据第三轮全国资源评价结果，该盆地可探明的天然气储量为7.96×10¹² m³，目前的油、气资源探明率均不足15%，勘探前景广阔。“西气东输”工程的实施，将有力地促进塔里木盆地的油气勘探开发，促进西部地区的经济发展，促进中国能源结构和产业结构的调整，改善沿线人民的生活质量，并有效治理大气污染。

Status of Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Tarim Basin and Guarantee of Supply for the West-to-East Gas Pipeline Project

The Tarim basin is a prolific petroliferous basin. By the end of 2007, the PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company has discovered 26 fields with a total of proved geologic reserves of 600 million tons oil and 1 tcm gas. The annual production capacity is around 20 million tons of oil equivalents, of which oil is 6 million tons and gas is 15 bcm. The discovery and development of these fields promoted the construction of the West to East Gas Pipeline Project. The plane distribution of gas resources in the Tarim basin is pervasive in the whole basin, but relatively concentrated in Kuqa depression, the central uplift and Taxinan depression. These three structural zones contain gas resources of 5~6 tcm, thus are the focus of future gas exploration. While vertically, the Meso Cenozoic reservoirs contain 78% of the total gas resources. In the platform basin area, gas mainly occurs in the Lower Paleozoic Cambrian Ordovician and the Upper Paleozoic Carboniferous, while in the foreland area, gas mainly accumulates in the Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene. According to the estimations of the third round of petroleum resources assessment, the gas volume that can be discovered in the basin is 7.96 tcm, but current ratio of proved reserves to resource volume is below 15%, indicating large exploration potential of gas in the basin. The construction of the West to East Gas Pipeline Project will significantly promote the exploration and development of gas in the Tarim basin, boost the economic development of West China, accelerate the adjustment of energy structure and industrial structure in China, improve the quality of life of people in areas along the gas pipeline, and contribute to the prevention of gas pollution.