3 种表面技术在轴磨损修复中的应用研究综述

轴是支承传动零件和传递运动及动力的重要部件,其主要失效形式是磨损失效。为了给磨损失效的轴选择恰当的修复方法并在对应的修复工艺条件下实施,从而保证轴修复质量、提高轴修复效率,对电弧喷涂、电刷镀、电火花沉积3种技术手段从理论和实际应用两方面进行了对比研究。结果表明,3种表面技术配合相应的工艺参数,能够实现轴的磨损修复。当轴的磨损状态为均匀磨损且磨损量在一定范围内(一般是2 mm以内)且有条件进行磨削加工时,建议采用以机械结合为主的电弧喷涂修复方式;当轴的磨损状态为均匀磨损且磨损量很小(一般是0.5 mm以内)且不具备磨削加工条件时,建议采用机械结合加范德华力结合的电刷镀修复方式;当轴的磨损状态为沟槽磨损或其他形式且有条件实施后续加工时,建议选择结合方式为冶金结合的电火花沉积修复方式。

Application Research Review on Three Kinds of Surface Technology in Repairing of Worn-out Axles

Axle is an important part of transmission supporting parts, which transfers movement and power. Its main failure mode is wear. In order to choose a proper repairing method for axles with worn-out failure and implement under corresponding repairing technology condition, to ensure the repairing quality and improve the repairing efficiency, comparative study was conducted on three kinds of surface technology methods including electric arc spraying, electric brush plating and electric spark deposition from the aspects of theory and practical application. The results showed that all three methods could repair the worn-out axle under proper technology parameters. When the wear status of axle was well distributed wear and the wearing capacity was within a certain range (usually limited to 2 mm), electric arc spraying with mechanic combination was chosen to repair the failure axle. When the wear status of axle was well distributed wear and the wearing capacity was small (usually limited to 0. 5 mm), electric brush plating with mechanic combination and Waals forces combination was chosen to repair the failure axle. When the wear status of axle was groove or other forms, electric spark deposition with metallurgy combination was chosen to repair the failed axle.