冷喷涂沉积机理及其装备的研究进展

冷喷涂是近几年基于空气动力学发展起来的新型表面改性技术。冷喷涂技术在较低的温度下进行,相比热喷涂有很多优势,成为研制开发非晶、纳米及其他温度敏感材料的有效手段,在工业及国防领域有着重要的应用前景和价值。简要介绍了冷喷涂技术的原理、特点以及在保护涂层、功能涂层、近净成形、零件修复等方面的应用。涂层沉积机理的研究对冷喷涂技术的研究具有重要的理论意义,对工艺参数的优化以及优质涂层的制备具有重要的指导作用。冷喷涂装备对涂层质量和喷涂效率的提高至关重要。冷喷涂装备使冷喷涂技术的研究从理论研究到实验研究过渡,最终由实验室研究向工业应用过渡。详细阐述了冷喷涂涂层沉积机理及其研究进展。系统阐述了冷喷涂装备(真空冷喷涂、激光辅助冷喷涂、脉冲气体冷喷涂、激波风洞冷喷涂等)的工作原理及研究现状。

Research Progress of Precipitation Mechanism and Apparatus of Cold Spray

Cold spray is a new surface modification technology based on aerodynamics developed in recent years. Due to its low temperature, cold spraying has many advantages over thermal spraying. Therefore, it has become a useful means to research and develop amorphous, nano-, and other temperature-sensitive materials and it has an important application prospect and value in industry and national defense in the future. The principle, characteristics and application of cold spray in protective coating, functional coating, near net shape and parts repairing were briefly introduced in this paper. The research of coating deposition mechanism has important theoretical significance to cold spray technology, and provides important guidance for the optimization of process parameters and the preparation of premium coating. Cold spraying equipment is crucial for the improvement of coating quality and spraying efficiency, and it is essential for the transition of for the research of cold spraying technology from theory research to experimental research and finally the transformation from lab research to industry application. The deposition mechanism and research progress of cold spray were elaborated in detail. The principle and research status of the cold spray equipments such as vacuum cold spray, laser-assisted cold spray, pulsed gas cold spray and shock tunnel produced cold spray were systematically explained.