海上风电场输电方式研究

  [目的]  随着海上风电场规模的扩大，新型输电技术广泛应用于海上风电场的电能传输，海上风电正面临着不同于陆地电网成熟模式的新挑战，需要进一步明确不同输电方式的技术特点与发展前景。  [方法]  概述了海上风电场四种输电方式即高压交流海底电缆、柔性直流输电技术、高压气体绝缘管道母线(GIL)和混合直流输电方式的技术特点和发展前景，并对各种输电方式进行了详细的成本构成分析及计算，对不同输电距离不同输送容量下的输电方式做出经济性比较。  [结果]  研究表明:我国现行海上风电输电方式中高压交流和柔性直流输电技术较为成熟，输电方式的选取受输电距离的影响，以输电距离约52 km为临界点。输电距离低于52 km时，交流输电具有经济优势；输电距离等于52 km时，柔性直流输电与交流输电两种方式成本相等；输电距离超过52 km后，直流输电方式的经济成本将低于交流输电方式，输电容量大小对输电方式的选择不会有太大影响。  [结论]  在不同输送容量下，近海风电输送方式仍然建议采用交流输电，远海风电输送方式建议采用柔性直流输电。

Research on the Transmission Mode of Offshore Wind Farm

  [Introduction]  With the expansion of the offshore wind farm projects, new power transmission technologies have been widely applicated into the power transfer of the offshore wind farm. The offshore wind farm faces an new challenge which is different from the mature mode of inland power grid, then the different power transmission technologies and development prospect should be further defined.  [Method]  This paper summarizes the technical characteristics and development prospect of the four kinds of transmission methods including the offshore wind farm, namely, the high voltage AC submarine cable, the flexible DC transmission technology, the high pressure gas insulated pipe bus (GIL) and the hybrid DC transmission mode; meanwhile, the detailed cost structure analysis and calculation of the various transmission modes are proposed; Finally, economic comparison of different transmission distance from different transmission capacity of the transmission mode is made.  [Result]  The results we obtained demonstrate that the current high-voltage AC and DC transmission technology is more mature, and the transmission mode is affected by the transmission distance. The transmission distance is about 52 km as the critical point. AC transmission has economic advantages as the transmission distance is less than 52 km, the cost of AC transmission is equal to DC transmission as the transmission distance is about 52 km, and the cost of AC transmission is less than DC transmission as the transmission distance is more than 52 km, but the transmission capacity has no significant influence on the transmission mode.  [Conclusion]  With the different power transmission of the offshore wind farm, AC and DC transmission technology are respectively adoptd from shelf to offshore waters.