全极化雷达极化标校技术研究

受各种非理想因素的影响，极化测量雷达难以直接测得目标准确的极化散射矩阵（polarization scattering matrix，PSM），因此，高精度极化标定是准确获取和利用目标极化信息的基础.本文从极化标校的基本原理出发，建立了PSM测量的误差模型，分析了主要误差因素对PSM测量结果的影响，阐述了无源和有源极化标定方法并对其性能和适用场景进行比较，分析了极化标校器的参数对极化标校精度的影响.分析结果表明，目标的交叉极化分量与极化测量雷达系统的极化隔离度处在相同水平时，目标的交叉极化分量测量结果会明显偏离其真值，通过极化隔离度优于测量系统隔离度无源或有源极化定标体对系统进行标校可以减小系统极化隔离度带来的测量误差.本文工作为极化定标体的研制和全极化测量雷达的系统标校奠定了基础.

Polarization calibration technique of fully polarimetric radar

Disturbed by the non-ideal factor, the polarimetric measuring radar can not get the correct polarization scattering matrix(PSM) of the target directly, so high-accuracy polarimetric calibration is the foundation of acquiring and using polarimetric information. This paper begins with the principle of polarimetric calibration, and then builts the error model of PSM measurement, analyzes the impact of error factors on the PSM measurement results, introduces the main passive and active polarimetric calibration methods and compared the property and applied situation of them, and finally, analyzes the influence of calibration object parameters on the calibration precision, all of which lays a foundation for the using of polarimetric information. The analytical results show that the measuring value of the target cross-polarization is different from its true value apparently when the target cross-polarization approximately equals the polarimetric isolation of the system. The measuring deviation caused by the system polarimetric isolation can be reduced by passive or active polarimetric calibration object whose polarimetric isolation is better than that of the radar system. All these works will lay foundations for the design and preparation of the polarimetric calibration object, and also the calibration of the fully polarimetric radar.