植物油催化裂解生成低碳烯烃和轻芳烃的研究

使用含择形分子筛的催化剂在固定流化床（FFB）装置上开展了对以棕榈油为代表的植物油及三种烃类原料的催化裂解试验研究，结合氢转移反应探讨了植物油催化裂解制取低碳烯烃和轻芳烃的优势。结果表明，植物油中的烃基部分具有很好的可裂化性，可生成与烃类原料相当的低碳烯烃及远高于烃类原料的轻芳烃，汽油重芳烃、柴油、重油等低价值、难利用产物的产率较低；植物油中的烃基部分极易发生芳构化，且容易进入择形分子筛孔道，选择性生成C6~C8的轻芳烃；植物油及脂肪酸催化裂解时通过氢转移反应以水的形式脱除了一部分氧，同时避免了烯烃被饱和，有利于兼顾低碳烯烃和轻芳烃的产率。

Investigation of catalytic cracking characteristics of plant oil to prepare light olefins and light aromatics

Catalyst contains shape selective zeolite is used to investigate the catalytic cracking characteristics of palm oil and three types of hydrocarbon VGOs on a fixed fluidized bed (FFB) unit. The advantage of preparing light olefins and light aromatics by catalytic cracking of plant oil is discussed. Results indicate that the hydrocarbyl group of the plant oil molecule is quite crackable; the C6~C8 aromatics yield is well above and the light olefins yield is about the same with the hydrocarbon feeds, while the yields of low value products are low; catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbyl of the plant oil molecule has strong tendency of aromatization, and can go through the zeolite pore to selectively form C6~C8 aromatics; during catalytic cracking of plant oil and fatty acids, a portion of the oxygen is removed in the form of water through hydrogen transfer reaction, while olefin is avoided to be saturated, which ensures yields of both low carbon olefins and light aromatics.