Degradation of HDPE,LLDPE, and blended polyethylene geomembranes in extremely low and high pH mining solutions at 85 °C |
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| Affiliation: | 1. GeoEngineering Centre at Queen''s-RMC, Queen''s University, Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Barrington Batchelor Distinguished University Professor and Canada Research Chair in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, GeoEngineering Centre at Queen''s-RMC, Queen''s University, Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada;3. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Unit, Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11535, Egypt;4. GeoEngineering Centre at Queen''s-RMC, Queen''s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada;1. VNU Key Laboratory of Geo-environment and Climate Change Response, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam;2. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan;3. Vietnam Japan University, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam;4. Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam;1. Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia;2. GeoEngineering Centre at Queen''s-RMC, Queen''s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia;1. WSP E&I Canada Ltd, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5W3, Canada;2. Thiel Engineering, Oregon House, CA, 95962, USA;3. GeoEngineering Centre at Queen''s–RMC, Queen''s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 4P5, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The durability of five 1.5-mm thick geomembranes (GMBs) is investigated in pH 0.5 and 13.5 synthetic mining solutions using immersion tests. Two high density polyethylene (HDPE), two linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and one blended polyethylene (BPO) GMBs are investigated at 85 °C for incubation durations of 4.5–6.5 years. It is shown that the degradation of all five GMBs in the high pH solution is faster than in the low pH solution. In the pH 0.5 solution, one of the HDPEs and the BPO GMBs exhibited polymer degradation before or at the time of the depletion of their antioxidants. In pH 13.5, four out of the five GMBs exhibited degradation and followed the conceptual three-stage degradation model until nominal failure. However, there is no correlation between the long-term performance of these GMBs and their resin type or their initial properties since one of the examined LLDPEs outperformed all the higher density/crystallinity GMBs with higher initial properties while the other LLDPE did not perform well. Thus, when selecting a GMB for a desired application, the relative performance of different candidate GMBs can be only assessed using immersion tests using the solutions expected in the field. |
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| Keywords: | Geosynthetics Geomembranes HDPE LLDPE Blended polyolefin Degradation Heap leach pads Mining Low pH High pH Stress crack resistance Morphology HALS |
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