Synthesis of nanostructured gadolinium doped mixed ferrite: A novel catalyst for the mineralization of textile dyes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P .O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, Ostrava 701 03, Czech Republic;4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States;5. Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O.Box:2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;6. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea;7. Department of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey;8. Department of Chemistry, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan;9. Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan;1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China;2. Beijing Special Engineering and Design Institute, Beijing, 100036, PR China;1. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan;2. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia;3. University of Education, Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan Campus, D.G. Khan, 32200, Pakistan;4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia;5. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Alfaisaliah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Physics, Government Graduate College Taunsa Sharif, 32100, Pakistan;8. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China;2. No.703 Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Company Limited, Harbin, 150078, China;3. College of Aerospace Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China;4. Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;5. AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment, Chengdu, 610500, China;1. Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an, 710062, Shaanxi, China;2. School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an, 710062, Shaanxi, China;3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an, 710062, Shaanxi, China;1. School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China;2. Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China;3. Zhejiang Academy of Special Equipment Science, Hangzhou, 314415, China;1. Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, Urumqi, 830011, China;2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Herein, cobalt-nickel mixed ferrite (Co0·5Ni0·5Fe2O4, CNFO) and gadolinium doped cobalt-nickel mixed ferrite (Co0·5Ni0.5Gd0.1Fe1·9O4, G-CNFO) materials have been synthesized at the nanoscale via the microemulsion technique. The physicochemical features of the CNFO and G-CNFO materials were examined by advanced structural (PXRD and FTIR), morphological (FESEM), elemental (EDX), and optical (UV/Vis and transient photocurrent) studies. Under visible light, the catalytic activity of CNFO and G-CNFO materials was compared using Congo red and Aniline blue dyes as model textile pollutants. The G-CNFO material showed better photocatalytic activity than CNFO material, as it eliminated almost 21% more dye than CNFO material under the same experimental conditions. In order to find the optimal parameter for the experiments, the variables affecting the catalytic properties of the G-CNFO material were investigated in considerable detail. These variables included pH, catalyst dosage, dye concentration, temperature, and irradiation time. Scavenging and transient photocurrent experiments were also carried out in order to determine the key reactive oxygen species and the formation of electron-hole pairs. The G-CNFO mineralized the Congo red dye almost three times faster than its counterpart and showed a negligible loss in its catalytic activity even after five successive catalytic cycles. The combined effects of the G-CNFO material's tuned band structure, high light harvesting abilities, reduced electron-hole recombination, and nanostructured morphology resulted in its enhanced photocatalytic activity. |
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| Keywords: | Micro-emulsion Spinel-ferrite Congo red Doping Transient current |
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