Electrical Conductivity and Electrochemical Characteristics of Na3V2(PO4)3-Based NASICON-Type Materials |
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| Authors: | S. A. Novikova R. V. Larkovich A. A. Chekannikov T. L. Kulova A. M. Skundin A. B. Yaroslavtsev |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry,Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia;2.Faculty of Chemistry,Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia;3.Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology,Moscow,Russia;4.Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry,Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia |
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| Abstract: | NASICON-type materials with the compositions Na3V2–xAlx(PO4)3, Na3V2 - xFex(PO4)3, Na3 + xV2–xNix(PO4)3, and Na3V2 - xCrx(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the highest electrical conductivity among the samples studied is offered by the material doped with 5% Fe: Na3V1.9Fe0.1(PO4)3. The activation energy for low-temperature conduction in the doped materials decreases from 84 ± 2 to 54 ± 1 kJ/mol and that for high-temperature conduction is ~33 kJ/mol. The discharge capacity of Na3V1.9Fe0.1(PO4)3/C under typical working conditions of cathodes of sodium ion batteries has been shown to exceed that of Na3V2(PO4)3/C. The capacity of the more porous material prepared by the Pechini process (Na3V1.9Fe0.1(PO4)3/C-{II}) approaches the theoretical one at a low charge–discharge rate and retains its high level as the charge rate is raised (its discharge capacity was 117.6, 108.8, and 82.6 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 0.1C, 2C, and 8C, respectively). |
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