欧洲野生甘蓝的核质遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析

为了解欧洲野生甘蓝遗传背景,以栽培甘蓝、甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜作对比,对引进的7个生态地理群体共80份野生甘蓝材料进行了核质遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析。利用10对特异性SSR引物分析叶绿体基因组多样性,获得8个差异性标记,将参试94份材料划分为3类,即甘蓝（含栽培和野生甘蓝）、甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜;包括6种单倍型,其中野生甘蓝2个,甘蓝型油菜3个,白菜型油菜1个。利用6对SRAP引物对核基因组多样性进行分析,获得75个多态性标记;聚类及遗传结构分析表明7个野生甘蓝群体中,F、D、G三个群体聚为独立的亚类,E群体大部分单株归于G亚类。其它3个群体A、B、C则相互混杂在一起。野生甘蓝群体Nei＇s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon’s指数（I）分别为0.301 3和0.461 1。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明野生甘蓝以群体内变异为主,占80%;群体间变异仅占20%。结果显示引进的野生甘蓝群体核质遗传多样性丰富。

Nuclear-cytoplasmic diversity and population structure of European wild Brassica oleracea

To understand the genetic diversity and population structure of wild Brassica oleracea,80 accessions of European B.oleracea in 7 geographic populations were analyzed.14 representative materials as cultivated B.oleracea,B.napus and B.rapa were used as references.Chloroplast DNA was examined using 10 specific SSR primers which generated 8 polymorphic bands.According to these bands and markers,94 materials were divided into 3 groups as B.oleracea（cultivated and wild ones）,B.napus and B.rapa.They were also divided into 6 haplotypes including 2 wild B.oleracea,3 B.napus and one B.rapa.Nuclear DNA was analyzed using 6 specific SRAP primers which generated 75 polymorphic bands.Cluster and genetic structure analysis showed that 7 eco-geographical groups of wild B.oleracea group F,D and G were clustered into 3 independent subclasses.E fell into G subclass,while A,B,C group were mixed with each other.The Nei＇s genome diversity index（H） and Shannon＇s index（S） of wild B.oleracea were 0.301 3 and 0.461 1 respectively.Analysis of molecular variance（AMOVA） showed that the variance of intra-population components was 80%,and that of inter-population was 20%.It suggested that the European wild B.oleracea tested had rich genetic diversity.