安太堡露天矿区土地利用变化及驱动力分析

土地利用覆盖变化的驱动力分析是土地利用覆盖变化研究的一个重要组成部分,目前对土地利用覆盖变化的驱动力的研究都是在大尺度区域上的。本文以安太堡露天煤矿为研究对象,根据矿区土地破坏与复垦的程度,将矿区的土地利用类型划分为已破坏已复垦地、已破坏待复垦地、待破坏待复垦地这3种土地利用类型,利用1995年、1999年、2004年3期的土地利用面积,采用数学计算的方法计算出土地利用类型的总变化率、年变化率揭示土地利用变化的过程。然后以已破坏已复垦地类为研究对象,重点讨论了露天矿区已复垦地类上林草用地向耕地转变的驱动力,从宏观、中观、微观3个层面进行了分析,分析表明3个层面的驱动力是综合作用的,尤其以宏观政策的影响为主导。弄清矿区土地利用变化的规律将有利于制定科学的矿区土地利用规划,为矿区的生产及环境保护创造条件。

ANALYSIS OF CHANGE AND DRIVING FORCE OF LAND UTILIZATION IN ANTAIBAO OPEN-CAST MINE

The analysis of driving force concerning the land utilization and cover is an important research,most of which are carried out in the macroscale area at present.Taking Antaibao open-cast mine as an example,according to the extent of destroying and reclamation,this paper divides land utilization into three types,eg,destructed and reclamated land,destructed and recamating land,and unbroken and unrecamated land.Using the area of land utilization in 1995,1999 and 2004,the gross and annual changing rates are calculated;the process of land utilization change is indicated.Based on study of destructed and reclamated land,this paper discusses the transformation driving force from forest-grass land into cultivated land in macroscopic,mid-scopic and microcosmic aspect respectively.The result shows that the driving forces are determined by 3 aspects compositively,and the action of the policy and the reclamation time are obvious.It is helpful to realize the dynamics of land utilization change for the formulation of the reclamation planning to keep the successive development of the mineral area.