负载铀偕胺肟螯合功能材料解吸研究进展

铀是保障核能稳定发展的重要战略资源，陆地铀资源不足已引起广泛关注。海水中铀资源总量是陆地铀资源的1 000倍以上。为确保铀资源的稳定供给，从20世纪50年代开始，对海水中提取铀资源的探索研究从未停止，含偕胺肟基螯合吸附剂分离回收铀已成为最具工业应用前景的潜在功能材料。针对提铀过程中负载铀偕胺肟材料解吸中存在的诸多重要问题，本文综述了近年来从偕胺肟基负载铀材料解吸铀研究进展，阐述了酸溶液、碱性溶液及有机溶液等对负载铀偕胺肟材料的解吸性能、机理和特点，探讨了对铀构成解吸竞争共存金属离子的影响，基于对解吸条件评价，提出了未来亟待研究和解决的问题，为先进解吸技术在海水提铀领域大规模发展与应用提供参考。

Advances in Desorption of Uranium From Loaded Amidoxime Chelating Materials

Uranium is one of the important strategic resources. It plays a decisive role in ensuring the stable development of nuclear energy. The shortage of uranium resources on land has aroused widespread concern. The total amount of uranium resources in seawater is more than 1 000 times that of land uranium resources. To ensure a stable supply of uranium, the research on the recovery of uranium from seawater has never stopped since the 1950s. The chelating functional adsorbent containing amidoxime group showed excellent adsorption ability and high selectivity for uranium over other co-existing metallic ions. In view of the important problems in the recovery of uranium, this paper reviewed the research progress in uranium desorption from the loaded uranium amidoxime materials. The desorption behavior, mechanism and characters of the loaded uranium materials with inorganic acidic solutions, alkaline solutions and organic complex solutions were summarized. The effect of co-existing metals on the uranium desorption was evaluated. Some problems were proposed to be investigated and solved further in the future. The possibility and feasibility for application of the advanced desorption technology in large-scale industrial desorption and recovery of uranium from the loaded chelating functional adsorbent containing amidoxime group were evaluated.