长江经济带乡村人居环境可持续发展水平评价与空间格局研究

改善乡村人居环境并实现其可持续发展是我国新农村建设的重要内容，对落实乡村振兴战略也至关重要。在乡村人居环境可持续发展理论的基础上，利用因素分解结构法与主客观赋权法，从自然与社会资源的角度建立乡村人居环境可持续发展水平评价的指标体系，运用发展水平（可持续发展潜力）、协调指数（可持续发展趋势）构建测度模型，对长江经济带11个省市乡村人居环境可持续发展水平进行综合评价并分析其空间格局, 以期提高乡村人居环境可持续发展水平与促进区域均衡发展。根据测评结果，使用ArcGIS的空间统计功能，从差异性角度，将发展水平分为高水平、较高水平、较低水平与低水平4类，将发展协调度分为高协调、中等协调与低协调3类。从自相关性角度，分析全局与局域层面的聚集分散特征，并根据资源配置与发展情况分析原因。研究表明：1）乡村人居环境可持续发展水平区域不均衡，整体呈“东高西低”的差异特征，各子系统特征各异；乡村人居环境发展协调性整体上呈“中高西低”的特征。2）乡村人居环境可持续发展水平具有显著的全局与局域聚集分散特征。生态环境与经济生产系统的空间聚集性最强，社会文化系统空间分散性最强；可持续发展高水平热点集中区位于长三角地区，低水平冷点集中区在云南、贵州地区。最后从有序开展经济生产活动、加强环境与文化建设、统筹兼顾地区发展3个方面提出乡村人居环境建设的优化建议。

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE

Improving rural living environment and realizing its sustainable development is a key task for China's new rural construction, vital for implementation of a rural revitalization strategy.This paper, based on sustainable development theory of rural living environment, uses factor breakdown structure and subjective/objective weighing to establish an evaluation index system for sustainable development of rural living environment from the perspective of natural and social resources, and applies development level (sustainable development potential), coordination index (sustainable development trend) to set up a measurement model, which is employed to comprehensively evaluate their sustainable development level and spatial pattern of 11 provinces' rural living environment in Yangtze River Economic Zone with an attempt to improve the sustainable development level of rural living environment and to increase regional balanced development. ArcGIS is used to classify development level into four categories, high, relatively high, relatively low and low, and development coordination degree into three, high, moderate and low. Clustering features are analyzed at overall and local levels from auto-correlation perspective with causes explained from resource allocation and development. Results show a regional imbalance, with sustainable development level of rural living environment, high in the east and low in the west, and development coordination, high in the central and low in the west. Sustainable development level of rural living environment is of outstanding global and local clustering/dispersing features with eco-environment and economy systems of strongest spatial clustering, and social culture system of strongest dispersing. High-level hot spots of sustainable development are concentrating on Yangtze River Delta and low-level cold spots on Yunnan and Guizhou. This paper presents suggestions on orderly conducting economic activities, enhancing environmental and cultural construction, overall planning regional development in order to optimize rural living environment.