露天深孔台阶精细爆破技术研究进展

21世纪以来，随着凿岩设备和爆破器材等新技术的进步与发展，露天爆破开采规模不断扩大，露天深孔台阶爆破技术进入了精细化的新阶段。近年来，露天深孔台阶爆破技术取得了较大的技术突破，创造了显著的社会效益和经济效益。基于精细爆破理念，总结叙述了露天深孔台阶爆破领域内智能爆破设计、露天凿岩设备、数码电子雷管、现场混装炸药、装药结构和起爆网路6个方面的研究进展。研究表明：①研发的智能爆破设计系统的种类较多，需结合生产实践加大推广力度，更好地辅助爆破工程设计；②我国露天凿岩设备的研发、制造能力相对发达国家还有很大的发展空间，需进一步提升凿岩设备自动化、智能化水平；③数码电子雷管和现场混装炸药提升了爆破器材的本质安全性，且有利于改善破岩效果和降低爆破振动；④装药结构和起爆网路是露天深孔台阶精细爆破技术的重要体现，但相关基础理论尚不完善，需加强多学科交叉融合，最终实现炸药能量的精确释放并提升能量利用率。在上述分析的基础上，总结了露天深孔台阶爆破技术的发展现状及存在的主要问题，并探讨了该技术的研究发展方向。

Study Prospect of Precision Blasting Technology in Open-pit Deep Hole Bench

Since the 21st century,with the progress and development of drilling equipment and blasting equipment,scale of open-pit blasting mining is expanding,and the open-pit deep hole bench blasting technology enters a new stage of refinement.In recent years,open-pit deep-hole bench blasting technology make great technological breakthroughs and create remarkable social and economic benefits.Based on the concept of precise blasting,the research progress of intelligent blasting design,open-pit drilling equipment,digital electronic detonator,field mixed explosive,charge structure and initiation network in the field of open-pit deep-hole bench blasting are summarized and described.The study results show that:① There are many types of intelligent blasting design systems and the progress is obvious.It is necessary to increase the promotion efforts in combination with the production practice to truly achieve the goal of auxiliary engineering design.② The manufacturing capacity of open-pit drilling equipment in China lags behind that of the developed countries in the world.It is necessary to develop the specifications and performance of the equipment and improve the level of automation and intelligence.③ Digital electronic detonators and field mixed explosives enhance the intrinsic safety of blasting equipment,not only improve the safety of blasting equipment,but also help to improve rock breaking effect and reduce blasting vibration.④ The charge structure and initiation network are important embodiments of precision blasting technology,but the relevant basic theories are not perfect.It is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary integration,and ultimately achieve the accurate release of explosive energy and improve the energy utilization rate.The development status and main problems of open-pit deep-hole bench blasting technology are analyzed,and the research and development direction of this technology is discussed.