铌矿浮选药剂研究进展

评述了铌矿浮选药剂的研究进展及工业应用。分别阐述了胺类阳离子型捕收剂和羟肟酸、膦酸、胂酸、脂肪酸等阴离子型捕收剂与铌矿物的作用机理和应用现状, 从浮选性能、匹配的浮选流程、经济效益以及环境保护的角度评价了各类捕收剂的优缺点: 虽然胺类捕收剂工业应用广泛, 但存在浮选流程长、铌损失大、耗酸多的缺点; 羟肟酸类捕收剂选择性好, 但捕收能力较弱, 药剂用量大、成本高; 膦酸和胂酸类捕收剂捕收能力和选择性都较好, 但对环境危害大。概述了铌矿浮选调整剂的研究进展, 指出了脉石矿物有效抑制剂是铌矿浮选调整剂研究的重点。最后指出铌矿浮选药剂的发展方向是高选择性、低毒、低成本、绿色制备。

Research Progress of Niobium Ore Flotation Reagents

A review of the research progress and industrial application of niobium ore flotation reagents is presented. Firstly, the applications and interaction mechanisms of amine cationic collectors and anionic collectors of hydroxamic acid, phosphonic acid, arsonic acid and fatty acid in the flotation of niobium minerals are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of various collectors are compared in terms of flotation performance, flotation flowsheet, economic benefits, and environmental protection. Although amine collectors are widely used in industry, they have the disadvantages of long flotation flowsheet, large niobium loss and high acid consumption; hydroxamic acid collectors have good selectivity, yet weak collection ability, leading to a large consumption and high cost in flotation; phosphonic acid and arsine acid collectors have good collection ability and selectivity, but do great harm to the environment. Then, the progress in the research of niobium ore flotation regulator is summarized. It is pointed out that the research on the niobium flotation regulator should focus on the effective depressants for gangue minerals. Finally, it is proposed that the niobium ore flotation reagents with the advantages of high selectivity, low toxicity and low cost, also prepared with green technology, are the development direction in future.