采空区通地表漏风状态下的矿井诱导通风系统研究

承德铜矿采用有底柱分段崩落法开采,随着地下矿山开采进展及采空区增大,出现采空区通地表漏风现象,受采矿方法所限,漏风通道不能通过充填、封堵且与地表相通,对矿井通风系统的稳定性影响非常严重。通过分析该矿山采空区漏风特点,建立了采空区通地表三维物理模型,并基于 Fluent 软件对采空区通地表漏风风速流场规律进行了数值模拟。研究表明:采空区通地表漏风条件下,工作面及采空区流场的分布在各方向上具有明显的分区规律。漏风采空区通道距工作面越近,对工作面风流影响越大,采空区风流趋向一定的规律向回风巷道移动;当漏风速度较小时,在漏风通道和工作面的采空区风流大致呈“U”形流动,越靠近工作面风流越大。根据上述分析,提出利用通地表采空区回风,将漏风通道加入通风网络中,在风向最易改变点来诱导通地表采空区回风,形成诱导通风系统, 重建通风系统动态模型。针对控制采空区漏风的通风网络进行了诱导通风研究,较好地解决了采空区漏风问题。上述研究反映出,将采空区作为通风回路的诱导通风网络并重新优化通风网络,是解决采空区漏风控制问题的有效手段。

Study on Optimization of Mine Ventilation System under Surface Air Leakage in Goaf

The sublevel caving method with bottom pillar is adopted in Chengde Copper Mine. With the development of underground mining and the increase of mined-out area,air leakage occurs in mined-out area. Due to the limitation of mining method,the air leakage channel cannot be filled,blocked and communicated with the surface,which has a serious impact on the stability of mine ventilation system. By analyzing the characteristics of air leakage in the goaf of the mine,a three-dimensional physical model of the surface of the goaf is established. based on Fluent software,the flow field law of air leakage velocity in the goaf is numerically simulated. The research shows that under the condition of surface air leakage in goaf,the distribution of flow field in working face and goaf has obvious zoning law in all directions. When the air leakage goaf channel is closer to the working face,the greater the impact on the airflow of the working face is,the airflow in the goaf tends to move to a certain rule to the return airway. When the air leakage velocity is small,the air flow in the goaf of the air leakage channel and the working face is roughly U-shaped,and the closer to the working face,the greater the air flow. According to the above analysis,it is proposed that the air leakage channel is added to the ventilation network by using the air return through the surface goaf,and the air return through the surface goaf is induced at the point where the wind direction is most likely to change. The induced ventilation system is formed,and the dynamic model of the ventilation system is reconstructed. The induced ventilation research is carried out for the ventilation network the air leakage in the goaf,and the air leakage problem in the goaf is better solved. The above studies reflect that taking the goaf as the induced ventilation network of the ventilation circuit and re-optimizing the ventilation network are effective means to solve the problem of air leakage control in goaf.