基于联盟博弈的多微网共享储能联合配置与优化

在“双碳”目标的背景下，亟须充分调度新型电力系统中的灵活资源。同时，共享储能的理念打破了传统储能经济运营模式，对提高储能运行效益具有革命性意义。考虑到储能设备的容量配置和运行优化是耦合的，在能源细胞-组织框架下提出共享储能联盟博弈的双阶段多目标优化配置方案，并采用Shapley法公平分配联盟合作成本。首先，建立考虑设备投资、功率波动和售购电价的多目标总储能配置模型，基于NSGA2算法求得联盟整体储能规划的Pareto前沿面。然后，以细胞间交互功率最低为原则，分别计算各细胞内部的储能容量和功率配置。通过比较联盟合作的收益与参与者群体分割的子合作收益，以判断能源细胞联盟的稳定性，并依据Shapley法对各能源细胞进行成本与利益分配。最后，采用居民、商业和工业3类能源细胞的博弈算例对不同合作方案进行对比分析，验证了所提方法的有效性。

Joint Configuration and Optimization of Multi-microgrid Shared Energy Storage Based on Coalition Game

In the context of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, it is urgent to fully dispatch flexible resources in new power systems. At the same time, the concept of shared energy storage replaces traditional economic operation modes of energy storage and has revolutionary significance for improving the operation efficiency of energy storage. Considering that the capacity configuration and operation optimization of energy storage equipment are coupled, this paper adopts an energy cell–organization framework, proposes a two-stage multi-objective optimal configuration scheme of the shared energy storage based on a coalition game, and fairly allocates the coalition cooperation costs by using the Shapley method. Firstly, a multi-objective total energy storage configuration model is established, with equipment investment, power fluctuations, and electricity selling and purchase prices considered. Based on the NSGA2 algorithm, the Pareto frontier of the coalition’s overall energy storage planning is obtained. Then, with the principle of minimum interaction power between cells, the internal energy storage capacity and power configuration of each cell are calculated, respectively. By comparing the benefits of coalition cooperation with the cooperation benefits divided by participant groups, the paper determines the stability of the energy cell coalition and allocates the cost and interest of each energy cell according to the Shapley method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the comparative analysis of different cooperation schemes in the game cases of three energy cells that involve residential, commercial, and industrial aspects.