LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by gold–titanium codeposition with improved cyclability

An LiMn₂O₄ electrode was prepared based on mixed-metals (gold–titanium) codeposition method. By this method, titanium oxide is also incorporated into the electroactive film formed on substrate electrode. Formation of titanium oxide on the spinel surface avoids dissolution of Mn from the spinel at elevated temperatures. TiO₂can act as a bridge between the spinel particles to reduce the interparticle resistance and as a good material for the Li intercalation/deintercalation. Thus, electrochemical performance of the LiMn₂O₄ spinel can be improved by the surface modification with TiO₂. This action improves cyclability for lithium battery performance and reduces capacity fades of LiMn₂O₄ at elevated temperatures.