对福克纳三部短篇小说的福柯式解读

威廉·福克纳的长篇小说一直以来备受推崇,然而他的短篇小说却始终没有被较为系统地分析,也没有引起足够的关注。本文将从福克纳的三部短篇小说《烧马棚》、《那傍晚时的太阳》和《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》入手,对福克纳的短篇小说研究进行一个尝试,借用福柯的权力理论分析和解读福克纳短篇小说中的权力关系。这些权力关系分别在家族和社会道德、男性与女性、上层社会与底层社会三个层面有比较丰富的表现,对主体的生活和命运产生影响。一方面这些权力直接束缚着主体,另一方面主体又主动接受这些权力的束缚。各种权力关系和在其影响下的主体,构成了福克纳的约克纳帕塔法地区不可分割的风景。

Foucault Type Interpretation about the Three Short Stories of Faulkner

Although William Faulkner＇s novels have been highly respected, his short stories have not received a relatively systematic analysis or caught enough attention. This article will have a try in this respect by analyzing Faulkner＇s three short stories ＂Burn Stable＂, ＂When That Evening Sun＂ and ＂A Rose for Emily＂. Applying Foucault＇s power theory, it will analyze and interpret the power rela- tions in William Faulkner~s short stories. These power relations have rich expressions in three levels. family and social ethics; male and female relations; upper class and lower rungs of society. These pow- ers greatly influence the lives and destinies of the subjects. One the one hand, these powers shape the subjects directly~ on the other hand, the subjects to some extent are voluntary to accept the shackles of these powers. Power relations and the subjects under its influence, constitute an integral landscape in Faulkner＇s Yoknapatawpha world.