阻燃玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)以及改性三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(mMPP), 并制得了添加mMPP的阻燃玻纤增强PA6复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD和TG对MPP和mMPP进行了表征, 采用万能拉伸试验机、氧指数仪和垂直燃烧仪对阻燃玻纤增强PA6复合材料的力学和阻燃性能进行了测试。结果表明, mMPP颗粒比MPP颗粒小, 呈斜方晶型结构; SiO₂溶胶对MPP实现了较好的改性。随着SiO₂溶胶添加量增加, mMPP热稳定性先增加后降低; 复合材料拉伸强度呈先增加后降低的趋势, 当SiO₂溶胶添加量为mMPP的6%时, 复合材料拉伸强度最大, 较MPP阻燃复合材料提高了7%; 冲击强度呈先减小后增加的趋势。当复合阻燃剂含量为18%时, 阻燃复合材料达到了UL 94-V0级, 极限氧指数均大于28。

Preparation and Properties of Flame-retardant Fiberglass Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites

Melamine phosphate(MP), melamine polyphosphate(MPP) and modified melamine polyphosphate(mMPP) were prepared. Then, flame-retardant GF-reinforced PA6 composites were prepared with addition of mMPP. The MPP and mMPP were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TG. The mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the flame-retardant GF-reinforced PA6 composites were tested by universal tensile tester, oxygen index tester and vertical burning tester. Results show that the particle size of mMPP is smaller than that of MPP. Both MPP and mMPP are of orthorhombic structure and MPP is well modified by sol SiO₂.  With SiO₂ increasing, the thermal-stabilities of mMPP decreased after an initial increase and the tensile strength of flame-retardant GF-reinforced PA6 composites showed the same trend. With SiO₂ content at 6% of mMPP, the tensile strength of the composite reached the maximum, increasing by 7% compared to that of MPP. However, the impact strength showed an increase after an initial decrease. With the content of the composite flame retardant at 18%, all the flame retardant PA6 composites were up to UL 94-V0 rating, with a limit oxygen index higher than 28.