城市空间结构的功能联系特征探讨——以上海中心城区为例

依据空间结构理论,空间结构包括空间形式和功能联系两方面特征.但传统城市空间结构研究多关注要素的空间分布形式,缺少对功能联系特征的分析.本研究以上海中心城区为例,使用手机信令数据从中提取街道之间的就业-居住功能联系和游憩-居住功能联系,借鉴社会网络分析方法,从单位面积吸引量、联系紧密程度两方面分析空间结构的功能联系特征.研究发现,从功能联系来看,上海中心城区呈“单中心+扇形”结构,中心地区对就业、游憩活动的吸引力远大于外围地区,外围地区居民沿与放射地铁线网耦合的若干扇面与中心地区产生紧密的联系.行政区划、黄浦江和苏州河会通过对居民活动范围的限制影响扇形结构边界.这与“多中心+内环、中环、外环3个圈层”的空间结构传统认识和圈层式的社会空间结构有较大差异.说明表象的圈层结构下,就业和游憩活动都受中心地区强烈吸引,不同社会经济属性的居民虽然居住分布存在圈层分异,但就业-居住和游憩-居住活动相互交错,不存在空间隔阂.基于功能联系,补充空间结构理论中既已提出,但还难以实证的内容,希望能有助于深化对城市空间结构的理解.

CHARACTERS OF FUNCTIONAL LINKAGE OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF SHANGHAI CENTRAL CITY

According to the theory of spatial structure, spatial structure consists of spatial pattern and functional linkage. However, traditional spatial structure studies focus more on the spatial pattern of city elements than their functional linkages. Based on the jobs-housing and recreation-housing relationship obtained from mobile phone singling data in Shanghai Central City, this paper analyzes the characters of functional linkage using social network analysis method from the two aspects of attraction per unit area and closeness of functional relationship. It is found that from the perspective of functional linkage, Shanghai Central City has a "mono-centric and sector structure". The attraction in the central area for jobs and recreational activities is stronger than that in the periphery areas. Residents living in the periphery areas are closely connected with the central area by several sectors that coupled with radiating subway lines. Administrative division, Huangpu River, and Suzhou River affect the boundary of sector structure due to restricting the scope of residents' activities. This structure has much difference with the traditional understanding of "multi-centric and the three-ring structure of inner-ring, middle-ring, and outer-ring" and the ring form social spatial structure. It can be concluded that under the appearance of ring structure, employment and recreation activities are strongly attracted by the central area. Residents of different socio-economic strata in different ring structures, but their living, working, and recreation are actually interrelated without any special separation. Based on functional linkage, this paper supplements some contents proposed in the theory of urban spatial structure but not verified yet. Therefore, this study may help understand spatial structure by analyzing the functional linkage.