Physico-Chemical Criteria for Maximum Adhesion. Part II: A New Comprehensive Thermodynamic Analysis

In this paper, two parameters defined as the relative work of adhesion [W_A/γ_L] and the relative interfacial energy [γ_SL/γ_L] have been examined for their assumed usefulness in correlating the thermodynamic properties of the components of the system substrate/ adhesive with its practical performance (strength). It is shown that the minimum value of [γ_SL/γ_L] relevant to conditions for the maximum adhesion becomes zero only for those systems (relatively rare) for which interaction factor Φ₀ is equal to 1.0.

Several transition points were identified for boundary conditions acquired at θ = 0° and θ = 90° which can be used to predict the properties and performance of an adhesive joint. These transition points are: a_MIN—energy modulus of the system (E. M. S.), relevant to the minimum interfacial energy; a_S—E. M. S. where self-spreading of adhesive occurs; a_CRIT—E. M. S. relevant to conditions under which the thermodynamic work of adhesion becomes negative and the system exhibits a tendency for self-delaminating or has “zero-strength”; a_CF—E. M. S. beyond which the geometry of the interface at any interfacial void or boundary of the joint may be regarded as a crack tip.

It is shown that only in those systems for which Φ₀ = 1.0 can a minimum contact angle of 0° indicate a condition for the maximum strength. If Φ₀ is known, the optimum contact angle can be estimated and hence the optimum surface energy of the substrate (adjusted by surface treatment, etc.) for the maximum adhesion.