Application of fractional derivative models in linear viscoelastic problems

Appropriate knowledge of viscoelastic properties of polymers and elastomers is of fundamental importance for a correct modelization and analysis of structures where such materials are present, especially when dealing with dynamic and vibration problems. In this paper experimental results of a series of compression and tension tests on specimens of styrene-butadiene rubber and polypropylene plastic are presented; tests consist of creep and relaxation tests, as well as cyclic loading at different frequencies. Experimental data are then used to calibrate some linear viscoelastic models; besides the classical approach based on a combination in series or parallel of standard mechanical elements as springs and dashpots, particular emphasis is given to the application of models whose constitutive equations are based on differential equations of fractional order (Fractional Derivative Model). The two approaches are compared analyzing their capability to reproduce all the experimental data for given materials; also, the main computational issues related with these models are addressed, and the advantage of using a limited number of parameters is demonstrated.