纳米材料对生物体及环境的影响

本文综述了纳米材料的生物和环境效应,对TiO2,C60和Fe粉等的最新研究报告作了分析比较,并对纳米粒子的量子点效应及影响进行了阐述.从纳米粒子的尺寸效应,表面效应等性质提出其可能对细胞的影响,包括破坏细胞膜结构,表面载体蛋白,受体等的破坏,及细胞的生长和代谢等方面的作用机理作了探讨.而纳米粒子的环境效应主要是其存在形式、降解过程和空气中的粉尘对人体的危害.提出制定纳米材料安全性评价和绿色化生产的相关标准建议,为纳米材料的可持续发展研究提供参考.

Influences of Nano-materials on Bio-body and Environment

The impact of Nano particle to living creatures and environment were reviewed.Recent research results on TiO_2,C_(60) and Fe powder have been compared.Nano-materials especially nano-particles can destroy the surface structure of cell membrane and change the active conformation structure of proteins and receptors.In a large scale it can also influence the normal functions of immune system and organs(such as lung)which shows toxicity.Environmental problems caused by nano-materials and related degradation process are still not clear,but various nano-particles may be a major source for air pollutions and harmful to humans.At last,we establish some standards to deal with safety assessment problems of these novel materials.