基于延迟定价策略的供应链分散与集中决策

针对消费者市场需求不确定性大的特征, 采用延迟定价策略应对需求波动和实现产品售罄. 基于供应商和零售商的两级供应链, 探讨最优零售价格的确立, 分别建立分散决策下的零售商利润函数模型和集中决策下的供应链系统利润函数模型, 通过函数单峰性分析证明最优订货量的存在性和唯一性, 并求得最优解. 比较和数值分析表明, 在分散决策下, 采用延迟定价策略虽然未必能达到集中决策时的供应链系统最优, 但相比固定售价, 可以显著提高供应链的总利润.

Decentralized and centralized decision-making of supply chain based on price-postponement strategy

For the uncertainty of consumer demand, price-postponement is considered to be an effect measure to cope with demand fluctuation and facilitate market clearing. Based on the two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer, the optimal retail price is proposed, then the retailer profit function of the decentralized supply chain and the supply chain profit function model of the centralized supply chain are established, respectively. The existence and uniqueness of order quantity are proved by unimodality conditions, and optimal solutions are obtained. Comparative and numerical analysis show that, using price-postponement can significantly increase the gross profit of the decentralized supply chain compared to the fixed price, although the income is lower than that of the centralized supply chain.