陕西省新鲜果蔬中砷污染状况调查及其暴露评估

目的了解陕西省新鲜水果和蔬菜中砷的污染状况及评价其对人体的潜在危害。方法 2012—2015年共采集1 270份新鲜蔬菜和363份新鲜水果并测定砷含量,分别从年份、类别和地区三方面进行统计分析,以食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的砷暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)为标准对居民经食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量进行评估,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行评价。结果近4年来果蔬中的砷平均含量范围为0.013~0.036 mg/kg;8类蔬菜的砷含量相近,6类水果中瓜果类的砷含量较高,平均值为0.052mg/kg;陕西省宝鸡、延安和商洛地区果蔬砷含量较高。整体而言,陕西居民经食用果蔬所致砷平均暴露量低于JECFA制定砷的PTWI及其所引起的平均个人年风险值亦小于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1),但偏高暴露引起的健康风险不容忽视。结论陕西省部分果蔬样品存在砷污染情况,居民通过食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量在安全范围内,其所引起的健康风险有待进一步研究。

Investigation on arsenic contamination of fruits and vegetables to evaluate the health risk of Shaanxi residents

In order to understand the situation of arsenic contamination on fruits and vegetables, and to assess the health risk for local residents.Methods The arsenic contents of 1 270 vegetable samples and 363 fruit samples were analyzed according to year, botanical classification and geographical segment. The risk of arsenic intake was evaluated by the dietary arsenic PTWI recommended by JECFA. The health risk was assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The average content of arsenic ranged from 0.013 to 0.036 mg/kg in recent 4 years, and there was no significant difference among eight vegetable categories. The content in melon-fruit was 0.052 mg/kg, higher than the other kinds of fruits. The contamination in the samples from Baoji, Yan''an and Shangluo was higher than the other regions. Overall, the intake of arsenic through vegetables and fruits for residents in Shaanxi Province was lower than the dietary arsenic PTWI recommended by JECFA, and the individual health risk of arsenic was lower than the standard of ICRP, but there was still a potential safety risk to the high exposure population.Conclusion The arsenic contamination was found in a few samples, but it was safe in dietary level for Shaanxi inhabitants. It''s necessary to further investigate the potential safety risk of arsenic.