Inter-ply stitching optimisation of highly drapeable multi-ply preforms |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3903, USA;2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan;3. Advanced Composite Research Centre, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan;1. Université de Lyon, LaMCoS, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France;2. SAFRAN-HERAKLES, F-33185 Le Haillant, France;1. Université de Lyon, LaMCoS CNRS, INSA-Lyon, F-69621, France;2. Université de Haute-Alsace LPMT, ENSISA, Mulhouse, F-68000, France;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Formtech Composites Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK;3. Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), St. Augustin, Germany;1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK;2. Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, #5000 - 2332 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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| Abstract: | An efficient finite element model has been developed in Abaqus/Explicit to solve highly non-linear fabric forming problems, using a non-orthogonal constitutive relation and membrane elements to model bi-axial fabrics. 1D cable-spring elements have been defined to model localised inter-ply stitch-bonds, introduced to facilitate automated handling of multi-ply preforms. Forming simulation results indicate that stitch placement cannot be optimised intuitively to avoid forming defects. A genetic algorithm has been developed to optimise the stitch pattern, minimising shear deformation in multi-ply stitched preforms. The quality of the shear angle distribution has been assessed using a maximum value criterion (MAXVC) and a Weibull distribution quantile criterion (WBLQC). Both criteria are suitable for local stitch optimisation, producing acceptable solutions towards the global optimum. The convergence rate is higher for MAXVC, while WBLQC is more effective for finding a solution closer to the global optimum. The derived solutions show that optimised patterns of through-thickness stitches can improve the formability of multi-ply preforms compared with an unstitched reference case, as strain re-distribution homogenises the shear angles in each ply. |
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| Keywords: | A Fabrics/textiles E Forming E Preform E Stitching |
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