4D打印形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料的研究现状和应用进展

形状记忆聚合物材料是一种在外界环境刺激下可发生形状变化的智能材料,基于这种智能材料的可变形结构在生物医疗、航空航天等诸多领域显示出巨大的应用潜力.4D打印技术的问世为智能材料的进一步发展带来新的机遇,同时为微创医疗、智能机器人、柔性电子等高科技产业开创了全新的和智能化的发展方向.本文首先介绍4D打印技术的兴起和发展,以及5种新兴聚合物打印技术（光辅助打印、磁辅助打印、连续纤维打印、容积3D打印、多材料多喷头打印）的研发；其次从热、电、磁、光驱动4个方面综述了近几年4D打印形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料的研究进展及潜在应用,总结了适用于4D打印的形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料的制备方式及性能；然后介绍了基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的4D打印结构在生物医疗、航空航天、智能器件及仿生领域的应用研究；最后指出4D打印在打印技术、打印材料、驱动方式和应用验证4个方面存在的问题及未来发展方向.

4D printing of shape memory polymers and their composites: research status and application progress

Shape memory polymer is a kind of intelligent material which can change shapes under the stimulation of external environment. The advent of 4D printing technology promotes the development of smart materials and brings new opportunities for further research in the fields of minimally invasive medical, intelligent robots, flexible electronics and other high-tech industries. In this paper, the emerging and development as well as five new polymer printing technologies of 4D printing technology are introduced firstly. Then, the research progress of shape memory polymers and their composites are demonstrated in the perspectives of thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical driving. Next, we summarize the preparation and properties of shape memory polymers and their composites, as well as the potential applications of the printed structures in biomedical, aerospace, intelligent devices and biomimetic fields. Finally, the problems of 4D printing are pointed out in four aspects of technology, material, driving mode and application verification and the future research directions are discussed.