遥感数据在水文模拟中的应用研究进展

水文模型已成为水文研究中不可或缺的重要部分。水文模型在经过黑箱模型阶段和集总式模型阶段后,现已发展到分布式水文模型阶段。相比于传统的站点观测,遥感技术由于能够获取面源信息、资料相对易获取并有稳定的较长时序观测等优势在水文模型中获得越来越广泛的应用。同时,近年来遥感数据产品在观测能力、可靠性和准确性、多源融合技术、卫星组网技术等方面取得了长足进展。遥感数据在水文模型中的应用主要有获取驱动数据,获取参数和边界条件,获取状态变量等3种方式。近些年来由于数据同化技术的发展,通过同化遥感观测数据改善水文模型模拟结果已成为遥感数据在水文应用中的一大研究热点。当前,遥感观测仍存在不确定性较高、时空尺度问题、瞬时观测、难以获取深层土壤信息等问题需要克服,如何在水文模型中充分利用不同来源、不同尺度的观测数据将是未来水文学研究的一个重要方向。

Progress in Application of Remote Sensing Data in Hydrological Simulation

Hydrological model is a powerful tool in water-related studies,which experienced three stages development:originated as black-box models,and then progressed as lumped conceptual models,currently became as physical-based distributed models.Remote sensing technology,due to its advantages of spatially-distributed observation,ready accessibility and relative long continuous data recording,has been widely applied in hydrological simulations.In recent years,remote sensing data has made great progress in some areas like detection capability,reliability,multi-source data fusion and satellite constellations.There are generally three ways of applying remote sensing in hydrologic simulations,namely forcing data acquisition,parameter extraction and state variables diagnosis.With the development of data assimilation in recent years,assimilating remote sensing observations into hydrological models to improve the simulation results has been a research hotpot.At present,there are still several challenges in promoting further application of remote sensing in hydrology studies,such as high uncertainties,scale effects,instantaneous measurement,and difficulty to get the information of deeper soil layer.To make the full use of remote sensing data that are obtained from multiple sources and of various resolutions will be an important future direction of hydrology research.