环境一号C 卫星SAR 图像典型环境遥感应用初探

环境一号C 卫星(HJ-1C)于2012 年11 月19 日成功发射，并与2008 年9 月6 日一箭双星发射的环境一号A 星，B 星(HJ-1A/1B)组成2+1环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座系统。该文以2012 年12 月～2013 年1 月期间获取的9 景HJ-1C 卫星数据2 级产品(S 波段，VV 极化，Strip 模式，5 m 分辨率)为实验数据，以北京市和福建省近海海域为研究实验区，以HJ-1C 卫星SAR 图像土地利用类型人工解译与制图、地表覆盖自动分类、近海海洋溢油污染识别、海浪特征参数反演、海水养殖区特征提取等近海海洋环境监测等为例，开展了HJ-1C卫星SAR 图像环境遥感应用能力的分析与评价。结果表明:(1)HJ-1C 卫星SAR 图像可用于耕地、林地、公路用地、河流水面、城镇住宅用地、农村宅基地等土地利用类型的人工解译和制图，地类图斑面积勾绘误差小于5%；(2)HJ-1C 卫星SAR 与HJ-1B CCD 图像融合可有效提高地表覆盖自动分类精度；(3)HJ-1C 卫星SAR 图像可用于海洋溢油污染识别、海浪特征参数反演及近海养殖区信息提取等近海海洋环境遥感监测。 

Applications of Environmental Remote Sensing by HJ-1C SAR Imageries

The HJ-1C satellite was successfully launched in November 19, 2012. The HJ-1C and HJ-1A/1B satellites, which were launched in September 06, 2008, constitute the 2+1 small satellite constellation for environmental and disaster monitoring. This study focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the satellite performance with respect to environmental remote sensing, including land use interpretation, land cover classification, oil spill identification, retrieval of sea waves, and monitoring of coastal mariculture. The data used in this study cover the city of Beijing and the sea of the Fujian Province. Nine HJ-1C satellite images (level-2, S band, VV Pol, strip mode, 5 m resolution) from December 2012 to January 2013 are used. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the HJ-1C SAR images can be used to manually identify farmland, woodland, roads, rivers, urban construction, and rural residential areas; (2) the accuracy of the automatic land cover classification increased significantly when the HJ-1C SAR and HJ-1B CCD fusion images are used; (3) the HJ-1C satellite can be used to identify oil spills, to invert wave parameters, and to extract information regarding inshore aquaculture.