晚清湖南书院的数学教育

湖南书院的数学（算学）教育始于中日甲午战争之后,是湖南新政事业的一部分,是湖南教育事业由古代向近代转型的重要标志之一.其发展由浏阳、湘乡而及省城长沙,然后推至岳州、常德、衡州、武冈各地.由于有数学名家执掌,其组织与实施皆有较高的水平,主持其事者称算学山长、算学总教、译算山长、算学监院、算学斋长、算学教习、算学主讲、算学学长、算学分教习等.当时认为“算学原有中法、西法之分”,教学中强调“学者取其所长,弃其所短,并习兼攻,毋庸歧视”.教学内容除传统算学经典之外,还有三角、几何、代数、曲线、微分、积分等近现代西方数学知识.本文的揭示,完全可以改变书院只教授儒家四书五经的陈旧认识.

On Mathematics Education in Hunan Academies of Late Qing Dynasty

Mathematics teaching in ancient Hunan academies began after Sino-Japanese War in 1894, which became part of the Hunan New Policy and marked the transition of Hunan education from ancient times to modern. It developed from Liuyang, Xiangxiang and the provincial capital city Changsha, and then to Yuezhou, Changde, Hengzhou, Wugang, and so on. Thanks to well-known mathematics teachers, the education operated on a very high level. Those who taught this course were called mathematics president, mathematics teacher-in-chief, translation ＆ mathematics president, mathematics supervisor, mathematics monitor, mathematics teacher, mathematics chair teacher, mathematics assistant teacher, etc. There was a view that mathematics could be divided into Chinese and Western contents and methods. In the teaching, the teachers emphasized that students should put same focus on each side. They should preserve each other＇ s advantages and abandon the disadvantages. Besides the traditionally Chinese mathematical classics, there were modern Western mathematical subjects taught such as the triangle, geometry, algebra, curve, differential and integral calculus. This thesis will totally change the traditional view that Chinese ancient academies only taught traditional Chinese Confucian classics.