实施最严格水资源管理考核制度的实践与思考

分析了国家最严格水资源管理制度考核政策,比较了主要省市已出台最严格水资源管理制度考核文件内容和特点,结合上海市火电直流冷却水和特大型取用水户用水比例较高、市区郊区水资源管理差异显著、工农业用水效率差别较大、水功能区水质达标困难等水资源管理现状特点,从考核对象、考核内容、指标完善、体系建设等方面,分析了上海市最严格水资源管理考核制度建设成果,并提出进一步完善上海市最严格水资源管理考核制度的对策和建议。(1)充分考虑上游来水水质跨界影响,保障水功能区达标考核公平性;(2)进一步完善限制纳污控制红线考核,促进水环境质量有效改善;(3)持续推进水资源管理规范化、精细化、信息化建设;(4)促进形成最严格水资源管理制度考核社会参与机制;(5)强化用水效率和效益管理,促进水资源开发利用机制和经济发展方式转变。

Practice and Consideration on Examination and Assessment System for Implementation of the Strictest Water Resources Management

The principles of the national examination regulation and a systematic comparison among provincial examination documents were analyzed. Based on the current situation and problems of water resource and environment in Shanghai, such as high water consumption ratio of cooling water of thermal power plants and large consumers, significant comparison between urban and suburban areas, the status and characteristics of the existing examination system from objects choose, examination content, index perfection and system construction were also analyzed. The strategies and suggestions on examination and assessment system for the strictest water management were raised. The suggestions are as follows： （ 1 ） Take water quality from upper reaches into consideration and guarantee equality in water function zone examination; （2） Complete the contents of the third line examination including non-point source pollution control; （3） Advance water resource management to be standardized, specialized and informative; （4） Establish public participation mechanism; （5） Strengthen water efficiency and benefit management to switch water utilization mechanism and economic development pattern.