离子印迹技术在放射化学领域的应用

离子印迹技术(ion-imprinting technology,ⅡT)是以某一目标离子为模板,制备对该离子具有强结合能力和高选择性的功能聚合物,即离子印迹聚合物(ion-imprinted polymers,ⅡPs)的过程。ⅡPs在复杂体系中分离、富集特定金属离子方面具有独特的优势。放射化学领域涉及许多金属离子分离、富集的问题,其特点是目标离子浓度非常低、样品成分复杂且带有放射性,ⅡPs的特点使其在放射化学领域有很好的应用前景。本文在简述ⅡT的基本原理和ⅡPs制备方法的基础上,综述了ⅡT在放化分析、海水提铀、低放废液处理等放射化学领域所取得的进展,涉及的离子有UO_2~(2+)、Th~(4+)、Sr~(2+)、Cs~+、ZrO~(2+)和镧系金属离子。最后,本文还对ⅡT在放射化学领域更广泛的应用进行了分析和展望。

Application of Ion-Imprinting Technology in the Field of Radiochemistry

Ion‐imprinting technology (IIT ) is a process to synthesize functional polymers , i .e .ion‐imprinted polymers (IIPs) ,using specific ions as templates .Because of the strong affinities and high selectivities towards the template ions ,IIPs have outstanding advantages in the preconcentration and separation of ions in complicated environments and attract much attention .In the field of radiochemistry ,there are also many problems about the preconcen‐tration and separation of metal ions ,w here the concentration of target ions is very low and the composition of radioactive samples is very complicated .Therefore ,IIPs will be widely applied in this field for their outstanding advantages .After the brief introduction of the prin‐ciple of IIT and the synthetic methods of IIPs ,this article reviewed the previous achieve‐ments of IIT in the field of radiochemistry (e .g .,radiochemical analysis ,extraction of urani‐um from seawater , treatment of low level radioactive waste ) , where the template ions included UO2+2 ,Th4+ ,Sr2+ ,Cs+ ,ZrO2+ ,and lanthanide ions .Besides ,the perspectives of IIT in the field of radiochemistry are also presented .