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Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β-carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimisation of HPLC-based detection |
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| Authors: | Shanshan Zhuang Wenxiong Zheng Yunong Na Naiyi Chen Fan Gong Bingxuan Huang Stephen Brennan Charles Congyi Liu Jian Cheng Lukai Ma Huifan Liu |
| Affiliation: | 1. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China
Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal);2. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China;3. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China Contribution: Validation (equal);4. Henan Institute of Quality Supervision and Inspection, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450047 China Contribution: Validation (equal);5. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China Contribution: Data curation (equal);6. School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Contribution: Resources (equal);7. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China Contribution: Formal analysis (equal);8. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225 China Contribution: Resources (equal) |
| Abstract: | The β-Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat-soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in-vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results. |
| Keywords: | Antioxidant Caco-2 monolayers gastrointestinal digestion haemolysis HPLC vitamin A β-carotene |