岩溶泉域煤矿奥灰顶部相对隔水性及水文地质特征研究

 奥灰岩溶水水害是华北型煤田深部开采的关键制约因素，复杂的水文地质环境是灾害频发的主因。运用钻探、水文地质试验及地球物理探测手段对保德井田奥陶系顶部岩性、岩溶裂隙发育特征及相对富水性进行综合研究，论证研究区奥灰顶部相对隔水性。实施单孔抽水试验及群孔抽水试验，查明奥灰含水层渗流场特征；通过岩溶水水化学分析，探讨奥灰含水层水化学场特征及其演化规律：沿径流路径，岩溶水水质类型总体呈HCO3→HCO3?Cl→Cl的演化顺序。依据奥灰含水层水化学特征划分岩溶水径流分区，表明井田奥灰含水层处于弱径流–滞流区。基于井田奥灰含水层水文地质特征，提出奥灰顶部注浆改造的“深度合理，施工便利；物探先行，靶区圈定；优先布网，监控紧跟；上游布孔，引导注浆；成效保障，环保并重”的总体原则，对深部开采奥灰岩溶水水害防控及顶部注浆改造实施具有一定的指导意义。

RELATIVE IMPERMEABILITY AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORDOVICIAN LIMESTONE OF COAL MINE IN KARST SPRING BASIN

The hazard of Ordovician limestone karst water is the key threat of deep mining in north China type coal field，the main reason of which is the complicated hydrogeological environment. The lithology of Ordovician top，the development characteristics of karst fissure and the relative water abundance are studied in detail by means of drilling，hydrogeological tests and transient electromagnetic exploration. The relative impermeability of Ordovician top is presented. Single well pumping test and multiple well pumping test are conducted and the characteristics of seepage field of the aquifer is found out. The hydrochemical field and its evolution law are discussed deeply by the water chemical analysis. The general evolution sequence of karst water quality type during the run-off path is HCO3→HCO3?Cl→Cl. The study zone is divided into run-off partitions by hydrochemical field，which indicates that the field Ordovician limestone aquifer is located in weak flow and stagnant regions. The general principles are put forward based on the hydrogeological characteristics of field Ordovician limestone aquifer，including reasonable depth and convenient implementing，first geophysical exploration and target outlining，hydrographic system construction and monitoring detection following，upstream drilling and guiding grout，effects guaranteeing and paying attention to environmental protection. This study provides some guiding significance for preventing and controlling of Ordovician limestone karst water hazard under deep mining condition and the reform of Ordovician limestone aquifer.