物质流分析的跟踪观察法

流动,是物质（如铜、铝等）流动和流体流动二者所具有的基本特征,基于这个论点,简要地回顾了流体力学中研究流体流动的两种方法,即拉格朗日法和欧拉法;相应地提出了物质流分析的两种方法,即跟踪观察法和定点观察法。由于前者在文献中未见报道,因此对它进行了重点说明。强调了物质流的跟踪观察法既适用于稳态物质流（产品产量不变）,也适用于非稳态物质流（产品产量增长或下降）。以钢铁产品生命周期的铁流图为例,说明了物质流的跟踪模型。在引入了物质流的非稳度后,提出了物质流各项指标的计算式,以及它们之间的相互关系。以瑞典铅酸电池系统为对象,计算了其中铅流的各项指标,并进行了必要的分析。

The Following-observing Method for Substance Flow Analysis

The fundamental argument set forth in the paper is that flow is the common feature of fluid flow and substance flow.In view of this,a short review of two ways of describing the motion of fluid in fluid-dynamics was given: one of them was developed by Lagrange,and the other-by Euler.Correspondingly,two methods for substance flow analysis were advanced: one of them is "followingobserving" method,and the other-"standing-observing" method.The exposition was focused on the former,because it is the new one,on which no information could be found in literature.It is emphasized that the following-observing method is applicable not only for studying steady substance flow(constant output of product),but also for unsteady substance flow(increasing or decreasing output of product).The following-observing model of substance flow was explained by using iron flow diagram in the life cycle of steel products.Introducing the degree of unsteady-state,a set of basic equations for calculating the indexes of substance flow and the relationship between them were derived.The lead flow in Swedish lead-acid battery system was analyzed as a case study,including the calculation of indexes of lead flow.