危险化学品安全管理及定量评价方法

引　言化学品产业经过几十年的发展 ,给人们的生活及相关产业带来了巨大的变化 ,但随着化学品数量和种类的不断增加 ,化学品使用、贮运、管理不当造成的灾害日益严重 .据报道 ,市场上已有的化学品总数约 70 0 0 0种 ,这些化学品中 ,有相当一部分是易燃易爆、有毒有害、腐蚀或放射的危险物品 ,在其生产、贮存、运输和使用等过程中如果处理不当或疏于管理 ,就有可能对人类和环境产生危害1] .因此 ,应该通过安全管理对化学品的危害予以控制 ,且在不断强化管理的同时 ,加强化学品危险程度的科学评价工作 .安全评价是危险化学品安全管理的基础 .…

PROBING INTO QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGY ON SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

The safety of hazardous chemicals has been a vital challenge to human being for decades. Scientists and engineers have focused on the risk researches of those kinds of substance for years. Aiming at the hazardous factors and serious consequences of the potential accidents,a quantitative systematic methodology is developed for assessing the risk of the hazardous chemicals based on chemicals properties,producing and storing process,operation environment,and with the consideration of the safety management state of enterprises. The system formation of the methodology is analyzed.The mathematical models are established for each assessing process and parameter,and the accident damage models and consequence classification are put forward. It can be shown that the methodology has prospective engineering application value.