深孔数控变径超声椭圆振动镗削加工方法研究

深孔镗削采用超声椭圆振动技术具有大幅降低切削力、抑制颤振和提高工件加工精度的优势。为充分发挥超声椭圆振动切削和数控加工优势,在研究固-固界面传振理论基础上,针对长径比大于20 的复杂内腔深孔件的加工难题,提出了一种新型数控变径超声椭圆双刃镗削加工方法,通过切削对比实验验证了超声变径双刃数控镗削比普通镗削更具有提高加工精度、表面质量、抑制颤振的优势。与普通切削相比,在相同加工参数下,加工孔直径16 mm,长径比23颐1,单边落差0. 5 mm 的深孔内腔轴类零件,超声镗削可达到表面粗糙度Ra 为0. 65 μm,表面质量和加工精度满足设计要求。数控变径超声椭圆振动镗削加工方法为深孔复杂内腔加工提供了一条有效途径。

Deep Hole Machining Method for NC Adjustable Diameter Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Boring

Ultrasonic elliptical vibration deep-hole boring method is successfully applied to precision cutting due to its superior performances, such as low cutting force, chatter suppression and high machining precision. The acoustic interface transfer theory is analyzed in order to give full play to the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting and NC machining advantages. For the machining problem of complex inner hole with diameter-length ratio of greater than 20, a new processing method of NC adjustable diameter double-edge ultrasonic elliptical vibration boring is put forward. The cutting contrast experiment proves that the ultrasonic vibration double-edge adjustable tool boring method has the advantages of high machining precision, high surface quality and chatter suppression compared with the traditional boring method. In the case of the same machining parameters, the diameter of machined deep hole is 16 mm, the diameter-length ratio is 23: 1, the inner hole is 17 mm, and the ultrasonic boring surface roughness Ra is 0. 65 μm.The machining precision meets the design requirements, so the NC adjustable diameter ultrasonic elliptical tool boring is an effective method for deep hole machining.