中低密度材料飞片超高速撞击铝防护结构实验研究

空间碎片相对于在轨航天器具有10 km/ s 左右的平均撞击速度,且处于低轨道90% 数量的空间碎片密度属于中低密度材料,针对空间碎片撞击速度及材料密度的特点,采用电炮、磁驱动超高速飞片发射技术,开展了14 km/ s 速度低密度材料( Mylar) 和近9 km/ s 速度中密度材料(2A12 铝)超高速撞击单/ 双层铝防护结构的实验研究,得到了低密度材料飞片对2A12 铝单/ 双层防护结构撞击损伤实验结果,以及中密度材料飞片超高速撞击形成碎片云对舱壁的损伤结果。结果分析表明:14 km/ s 速度的低密度材料飞片撞击2A12 铝材料形成的碎片云中无熔化成分,而近9 km/ s速度的中密度材料飞片撞击形成的碎片云以液态、甚至是气态为主;与单层防护结构相比,双层防护结构对14 km/ s 的低密度材料飞片有着更好的防护效果。

Experimental Research on Hyperivelocity Impact of Middle and Low Density Material Flyers on Aluminium Shield Structure

The average velocity of space debris impacting on on-orbit spacecrafts is 10 km/ s, and 90% of them in low earth orbit are the middle and low density materials. The experiments of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on Al shield structure at 14 km/ s and about 9 km/ s, respectively, are done by electric gun and magnetic driving technology, and the damage results of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on shield structure are obtained. The results show that the debris cloud created by Al flyer impacting on Al shielding slab at about 9km/ s contains fluid state and even gas state, and the debris cloud created by Mylar foil impacting on Al shielding material at 14km/ s is solid state. For the Mylar foil flyer, the shielding effect of double shield structure is better than that of the single layer structure.