Waste Stabilization Ponds: A Viable Alternative for Small Community Treatment Systems |
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| Authors: | D. D. MARA PhD FICE S. W. MILLS PhD H. W. PEARSON PhD G. P. ALABASTER PhD |
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| Affiliation: | Head of Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds.;Lagoon Technology International, Leeds.;Senior Lecturer, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Liverpool. |
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| Abstract: | Waste stabilization ponds are widely used in many European countries, such as France and Germany, for the treatment of wastewater from mainly small communities. There would seem to be no reason why they should not also be a suitable treatment process for populations of under 2000 in the UK. The relative advantages and disadvantages of ponds are compared to other small community treatment systems, such as rotary biological contactors, biological filters and reed-bed systems, particularly in relation to effluent standards with respect to algae, nutrient removal and relative costs. |
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| Keywords: | Algae effluent standards nutrients small communities treatment costs waste stabilization ponds |
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