Modeling for predicting the temperature distribution of smoke during a fire in an underground road tunnel with vertical shafts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;2. Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;3. Center for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering, Victoria University, Victoria 3030, Australia;1. beth.weckman@uwaterloo.ca & ejweckman@uwaterloo.ca;2. atrouve@umd.edu;3. luke.bisby@icloud.com;4. Bart.Merci@UGent.be;1. Fire Safety Engineering Group, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS UK;2. Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5528 Haugesund, Norway;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London;2. FAC Technology Unit 2, Canterbury Court 1-3 Brixton Road, SW9 6DE, London;1. School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia;2. Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, Mt Thorley, NSW 2330, Australia;3. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA |
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| Abstract: | In this study, fire experiments using a 1:20 model-scale tunnel were conducted to investigate the performance of natural ventilation in an underground road tunnel with six vertical shafts. The experimental parameters were the heat release rate of a fire source and the height of the shafts, and nine experiments were conducted in total. Furthermore, simple models were developed for predicting the temperature distribution of the smoke flowing under the tunnel ceiling. The following results were obtained: (1) In the experiments, the form of the smoke exhausted from the shaft became plug-holing when the shaft height was 1.0Ht, and became boundary layer separation when the height was 0.24Ht. (2) The average efficiency of heat exhaust was 0.16 when the form was plug-holing, and was 0.12 when the form was boundary layer separation. (3) When the form was plug-holing, the ratio of entrainment of fresh air became almost constant regardless of Ri. On the other hand, when the form was boundary layer separation, the ratio of entrainment of fresh air was smaller than that under the condition of plug-holing. (4) The temperature distribution under the tunnel ceiling predicted by the models agreed with that measured by the fire experiments in all cases. |
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| Keywords: | Modeling Tunnel fire Natural ventilation Vertical shaft Fire experiments |
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