Experimental study on condensation and evaporation flow inside horizontal three dimensional enhanced tubes

Experimental investigations of tube side condensation and evaporation in two 3-D enhanced heat transfer (2EHT) tubes were compared to the performance of a smooth surface copper tube. The equivalent outer diameter of all the tubes was 12.7 mm with an inner diameter of 11.5 mm. Both the inner and outer surfaces of the 2EHT tubes are enhanced by longitudinal grooves with a background pattern made up by an array of dimples/embossments. Experimental runs were performed using R410A as the working fluid, over the quality range of 0.2–0.9. For evaporation, the heat transfer coefficient ratio (compares the heat transfer coefficient of the enhanced tube to that of a smooth tube) of the 2EHT tubes is 1.11–1.43 (with an enhanced surface area ratio of 1.03) for mass flux rate that ranges from 80 to 200 kg/m² s. For condensation, the heat transfer coefficient ratio range is 1.1–1.16 (with an enhanced surface area ratio of 1.03) for mass flux that ranges from 80 to 260 kg/m² s. Frictional pressure drop values for the 2EHT tubes are very similar to each other. Heat transfer enhancement in the 2EHT tubes is mainly due to the dimples and grooves in the inner surface that create an increased surface area and interfacial turbulence; producing higher heat flux from wall to working fluid, flow separation, and secondary flows. A comparison was performed to evaluate the enhancement effect of the 2EHT tubes using a defined performance factor and this indicates that the 2EHT tubes provides a better heat transfer coefficient under evaporation conditions.