花椒精油亚临界流体萃取工艺优化及GC-MS分析

以甘肃武都大红袍花椒为原料，采用水蒸气蒸馏萃取法（SDE）及亚临界流体萃取法（SFE）提取花椒精油。以花椒精油得率为评价指标，采用单因素试验和正交试验优化SFE萃取工艺，并采用气质联用法（GC-MS）对比分析SDE和SFE花椒精油的香气成分。结果表明，最佳萃取工艺为：萃取3次、萃取温度40 ℃、萃取时间40 min、料液比1.0∶2.0（g∶mL）。在此优化条件下，SFE花椒精油得率为15.11%，为SDE精油得率的3.7倍。GC-MS分析结果表明，共检测出48种挥发性物质，包括烯烃类20种、酯类8种、醇类8种、醛类3种、芳香烃类2种、呋喃类2种、酮类2种、萜类1种、酸类1种和萘类1种。SDE和SFE分别检出37种、40种挥发性物质，两种提取方法所得精油的组成相似，SFE精油得率较SDE高且留香型持久，是提取花椒精油的有效提取方法。

Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction process and GC-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil

The Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil was extracted by steam distillation extraction (SDE) and subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) from Dahongpao Z. bungeanum in Wudu, Gansu. The extraction process of SFE was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test with the yield of Z. bungeanum essential oil as evaluation index, and the aroma components of essential oil extracted by SDE and SFE were compared and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were extraction times 3, extraction temperature 40 ℃, time 40 min, solid and liquid ratio 1.0∶2.0 (g∶ml). Under these optimized conditions, the yield of Z. bungeanum essential oil extracted by SFE was 15.11%, which was 3.7 times that of extracted by SDE. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that a total of 48 volatile compounds were detected, including alkenes 20, esters 8, alcohols 8, aldehydes 3, aromatic hydrocarbons 2, furans 2, ketones 2, terpene 1, acid 1 and naphthalene 1. There were 37 and 40 volatile substances detected from Z. bungeanum essential oil extracted by SDE and SFE, respectively. The compositions of essential oils extracted by SFE and SDE were similar, and the yield of essential oils extracted by SFE were higher than those extracted by SDE, and the fragrances remained longer. Therefore, SFE was an effective extraction method for the extraction of essential oils from Z. bungeanum.