不同北方浓香型白酒大曲中微生物组成及理化差异分析

以3种北方浓香型白酒中高温大曲（Q1、Q2和Q3）为研究对象，对其理化指标及微生物多样性进行分析，并采用PICRUSt软件进行基因功能预测。结果表明，3种大曲的糖化酶活力及水分含量差异显著（P＜0.05）；优势细菌属的种类及丰度存在差异，其中糖多孢菌属（Saccharopolyspora）和葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）相对丰度在样品Q1中较高，芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、魏斯氏菌属（Weisslla）和粘液乳杆菌属（Limosilactobacillus）相对丰度在样品Q2中较高，果实乳杆菌属（Fructilactobacillus）和广布乳杆菌属（Latilactobacillus）相对丰度在样品Q3中较高；优势真菌属差异较小，且嗜热子囊菌属（Thermoascus）的相对丰度均较高。果实乳杆菌属（Fructilactobacillus）为样品Q3与样品Q1和Q2的主要差异微生物，且其与糖化酶活力呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。3种大曲中微生物菌群的代谢相关功能簇丰度较高，且样品Q1细菌菌群的最高（P＜0.05）。

Analysis of microbial composition and physicochemical differences in different northern strong-flavor Baijiu Daqu

Using three kinds of medium-high temperature Daqu (Q1, Q2 and Q3) of northern strong-flavor (nongxiangxing) Baijiu as the research objects, the physicochemical indexes and microbial diversity were analyzed, and the gene functions were predicted by PICRUSt. The results showed that the glucoamylase activity and moisture content were significant different in three kinds of medium-high temperature Daqu (P＜0.05), and the species and abundance of their dominant bacterial genera were different. Among them, the relative abundance of Saccharopolyspora and Staphylococcus were higher in sample Q1, the relative abundance of Bacillus, Enterobacter, Weisslla and Limosillactobacillus was higher in sample Q2, the relative abundance of Fructilactobacillus and Latilactobacillus was higher in sample Q3; Less variation was found in dominant fungal genera, and the relative abundance of Thermoascus was higher in three kinds of Daqu. Fruitlactobacillus was the main differential microorganism between sample Q3 and samples Q1 and Q2, which had significant negative correlation with glucoamylase activity (P＜0.05). The abundance of metabolism-related functional clusters was high in the microbial community of three kinds of Daqu, in which the sample Q1 was the highest (P＜0.05).