基于土地利用松花江流域生态环境空间分异特征的研究——以哈尔滨段为例

利用RS技术从1996和2005年Landsat TM影像数据提取区域生态环境状况评价信息,在研究土地利用变化的基础上,借助GIS空间分析和地统计分析功能,以小流域为评价单元,通过土地生态环境状况指数(EI)模型评价区域生态环境质量并分析其动态变化情况.结果表明:区域以农林牧业生产为主,耕地-林地相互转换最为剧烈;林地、水域和建设用地具有较高的保留率;草地、未利用地和耕地具有较高的转换率;2005年区域土地生态环境状况总体一般,与1996年相比有变好的趋势;略微和基本变好所占比例为21.39%,基本不变的比例为78.17%,处于绝对的优势地位,略微变差占最小的比例,该结果对区域土地生态环境的保护和改善具有积极意义.

Study on the Spatial Distribution of Ecological Environment in Songhua River Watershed based on Land Use and Its Change-Harbin Region as Example

Index system of land eco-environmental status evaluation was constructed from Landsat TM image of 1996 and 2005 based on RS.Supported by GIS special analysis function and geological statistical function,the mini-watersheds was used as evaluation unit based on the land use and its changes,the land eco-environmental status index（EI） model was used to evaluated and the changes results of EI was studied.The result shown that： this region was major agriculture and forestry,land-forestland was at high frequency,the forestland,water area and construction land have high retention rates,and the grassland,unused land and cultivated land have high conversion rates,the total of he land eco-environmental status in 2005 was general,the tendency was better compared with 1996,the proportion of slightly and basic better region was 21.39%,the proportion of unchanged region was 78.17%,which occupied dominant position,the proportion of slightly worse region was lowest,this result had noticeable significance to the regional land eco-environment protection and its improvement.